Optoelectronic devices are currently being developed at an extraordinary
rate. Organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices and
electro-optical modulators are pivotal to the future of displays,
photosensors and solar cells, and communication technologies. This book
details the theories underlying the mechanisms involved in the relevant
organic materials and covers, at a basic level, how the organic
components are made.
The first part of the book introduces the fundamental theories used to
describe ordered solids and goes onto detail on concepts applicable to
localised energy levels. Then the methods used to determine energy
levels particular to perfectly ordered molecular and macromolecular
systems are discussed along with a detailed consideration of the effects
of quasi-particles. The function of excitons and their transfer between
two molecules is studied and, in addition, the problems associated with
interfaces and charge injection into resistive media are presented.
More technological aspects are covered in the second part, which details
the actual methods used to fabricate devices based on organic materials,
such as dry etching. The principal characterisation techniques are also
highlighted. Specific attention is paid to visual displays using organic
light-emitting diodes; the conversion of photons into electrical energy
(the photovoltaic effect); and for communications and information
technologies, the electro-optical modulation of signals.