Since 1972 and the appearance of the famous Black & Scholes option pric-
ing formula, derivatives have become an integrated part of everyday life
in the financial industry. Options and derivatives are tools to control
risk ex- posure, and used in the strategies of investors speculating in
markets like fixed-income, stocks, currencies, commodities and energy. A
combination of mathematical and economical reasoning is used to find the
price of a derivatives contract. This book gives an introduction to the
theory of mathematical finance, which is the modern approach to analyse
options and derivatives. Roughly speaking, we can divide mathematical
fi- nance into three main directions. In stochastic finance the purpose
is to use economic theory with stochastic analysis to derive fair prices
for options and derivatives. The results are based on stochastic
modelling of financial as- sets, which is the field of empirical
finance. Numerical approaches for finding prices of options are studied
in computational finance. All three directions are presented in this
book. Algorithms and code for Visual Basic functions are included in the
numerical chapter to inspire the reader to test out the theory in
practice. The objective of the book is not to give a complete account of
option theory, but rather relax the mathematical rigour to focus on the
ideas and techniques.