This book explores the physical phenomena underlying the optical
responses of nanoscale systems and uses this knowledge to explain their
behavior, which is very different to what is encountered on the
macroscopic scale. In the first three chapters, the authors discuss
important aspects of wave optics on surfaces and at small scales, such
as the optical interference near surfaces, the physical origin of the
index of refraction, and how imaging optical fields can be used to
enhance resolution in optical diffraction microscopy. The last two
chapters treat a concept on the consequence of the finite size of the
focal spot in optical spectroscopy and how the index of refraction can
be related to scattering of an ensemble of discrete scatterers. The
concepts described here are important to understanding the optical
properties of nanoparticles or nanostructured surfaces and are not
covered in most fundamental optics courses. This book is designed for
researchers and graduate students looking for an introduction to optics
at small scales.