Global security, climate and health challenges have all created a
deep-seated unease about international society's capacity to cope with
change. International Relations should help practitioners develop
appropriate responses, but Jason Ralph argues that IR would be better
positioned to do so if it drew more explicitly on the insights of
classical Pragmatism. By bringing this tradition in from the margins,
Ralph comprehensively engages norm, practice, realist and global IR
theory to extend the 'new constructivist' research agenda in a normative
direction. He develops a 'Pragmatic Constructivist' approach to assess
how well communities of practice facilitate the learning that mitigates
emergent social problems and improves lived experiences. This normative
assessment focuses on the extent to which communities of practice are
characterized by inclusive reflexivity and deliberative practical
judgment. These two tests are then applied to critique existing
communities of practice, including the UN Security Council, the UNFCCC
and the WHO.