While steroids from the periphery have profound effects on the nervous
system, the nervous system also produces its own steroids de novo
("neurosteroids"). The physiological importance of neurosteroids is
beginning to be understood. These steroids potentially have roles in
sedative/hypnotic behavior, anxiety, learning, and memory. At the
cellular level, neurosteroids affect neuronal excitability, synaptic
plasticity and cell proliferation and survival. Early findings hold
promise for future strategies to treat specific psychologicalconditions
and neurological diseases. This Brief will focus on the current state of
understanding of brainderived neurosteroids.