The most comprehensive view of the evolution of dancing in India is one
that is derived from Sanskrit textual sources. These texts are the basic
material that students of the dance in India must examine in order to
uncover its past. Since the rebirth of informed interest in dancing in
early twentieth century, its antiquity has been acknowledged but
precisely what the art was in antiquity remains unclear. Discovering the
oldest forms of dancing in India requires, as do other historical
quests, a reconstruction of the past and, again as in other historical
investigations, the primary sources of knowledge are records from the
past. In this case the records are treatises and manuals in Sanskrit
that discuss and describe dancing. These are the sources that the
present work sets out to mine. These texts taken collectively are more
than records of a particular state of the art. They testify to the
growth of the theory and practice of the art and thus establish it as an
evolving rather than a fixed art form that changed as much in response
to its own expanding aesthetic boundaries as to parallel or
complementary forms of dance, drama and music that impinged upon it as
India's social and political situation changed. When we place the
Sanskrit treatises in chronological sequence it becomes clear that the
understanding of the art has changed through time, in its infancy as
well as in maturer periods.