The purpose of this book is to present analysis and design principles,
procedures and techniques of analog integrated circuits which are to be
implemented in MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) technology. MOS
technology is becoming dominant in the realization of digital systems,
and its use for analog circuits opens new pos- sibilities for the design
of complex mixed analog/digital VLSI (very large scale in- tegration)
chips. Although we are focusing attention in this book principally on
circuits and systems which can be implemented in CMOS technology, many
con- siderations and structures are of a general nature and can be
adapted to other promising and emerging technologies, namely GaAs
(Gallium Arsenide) and BI- MOS (bipolar MOS, i. e. circuits which
combine both bipolar and CMOS devices) technology. Moreover, some of the
structures and circuits described in this book can also be useful
without integration. In this book we describe two large classes of
analog integrated circuits: - switched capacitor (SC) networks, -
continuous-time CMOS (unswitched) circuits. SC networks are sampled-data
systems in which electric charges are transferred from one point to
another at regular discrete intervals of time and thus the signal
samples are stored and processed. Other circuits belonging to this class
of sampled-data systems are charge transfer devices (CTD) and charge
coupled dev- ices (CCD). In contrast to SC circuits, continuous-time
CMOS circuits operate continuously in time. They can be considered as
subcircuits or building blocks (e. g.