This book is a collection of papers describing some of the first
attempts to apply the techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular
biology to studies of the nervous system. We believe this is an
important new direction for brain research that will eventually lead to
insights not pos- sible with more traditional approaches. At first
glance, the marriage of molecular biology to brain research seems an
unlikely one because of the tremendous disparity in the histories of
these two disciplines and the problems they face. Molecular biology is
by nature a reductionist approach to biology. Molecular biologists have
always tried to attack central questions in the most direct approach
possible, usually in the most simple system available: a bacterium or a
bacterial virus. Important experiments can usually be repeated quickly
and cheaply, in many cases by the latest group of graduate students
entering the field. The success of molecular biology has been so
profound because the result of each important experiment has made the
next critical question obvious, and usually answerable, in short order.
Studies of the nervous system have a very different history. First, the
human brain is what really interests us and it is the most complex
structure that we know in biology. The central question is clear: How do
we carry out higher functions such as learning and thinking? How- ever,
at present there is no widely accepted and testable theory of learn- ing
and no clear path to such a theory.