The smart-grid concept can mean many things, however there is a
consensus that its objective involves seamlessly adopting new
technologies to existing infrastructures and maximising the use of
resources. Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service
Networks focuses on modelling two key infrastructures in urban energy
systems with embedded technologies. These infrastructures are natural
gas and electricity networks and the embedded technologies include
cogeneration and electric vehicle devices. The subject is addressed
using a holistic modelling framework which serves as a means to an end;
this end being to optimise in a coordinated manner the operation of
natural gas and electrical infrastructures under the presence of
distributed energy resources, thus paving the way in which smart-grids
should be managed. The modelling approach developed and presented in
this book, under the name 'time coordinated optimal power flow' (TCOPF),
functions as a decision maker entity that aggregates and coordinates the
available DERs according to multiple criteria such as energy prices and
utility conditions. The examples prove the TCOPF acts effectively as an
unbiased intermediary entity that manages cost-effective interactions
between the connected technologies and the distribution network
operators, therefore showcasing an integral approach on how to manage
new technologies for the benefit of all stakeholders.