Raised to honour Maussolos, a Persian satrap of the 4th century BCE, the
Maussolleion in Halikarnassos was renowned throughout the ancient world
as one of its Seven Wonders. Pliny the Elder provided a useful
description of it several centuries later, but another fourteen passed
before the invention of moveable type made his observations available to
a wider public. By that time, the monument was probably ruined beyond
recognition, and by 1522 the remaining stones had been completely torn
down and reused to fortify a nearby castle. Little else was known of the
ancient monument until 1857, when C.T. Newton rediscovered the
Maussolleion site. He removed what he could find of its sculptures - the
source of the monument's original fame - to the British Museum, but
while he answered some basic questions of structure, many were left
unresolved, and his excavations jumbled much of the remaining materials.
The third major contribution to our understanding of the great mausoleum
comes from the Danish excavations led by Kristian Jeppesen from 1966 to
1977. The results of these digs are analysed in The Maussolleion at
Halikarnassos, of which three volumes form the long-awaited conclusion.
In Volume 5, Jeppesen tries to reconcile Pliny's account of the
superstructure with recent archaeological finds. The passage in Pliny's
Natural History has been corrupted by untold generations of copyists,
and reconstructions have focused on producing a grammatically acceptable
text, with little regard for consistency and sense. Jeppesen compares
variant readings from the 58 known manuscripts and then, using his
familiarity with Pliny's style, a knowledge of Greek architecture and a
good dose of common sense, he proposes a model that tallies with the new
archaeological evidence. The volume concludes with a survey of the
architectural fragments held by the British Museum and the Maussolleion
Museum in Bodrum.
