The material of this book is based on several courses which have been
delivered for a long time at the Moscow Institute for Physics and
Technology. Some parts have formed the subject of lectures given at
various universities throughout the world: Freie Universitat of Berlin,
Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Goteborg,
University of California at Santa Barbara and others. The subject of the
book is the theory of queues. This theory, as a mathematical discipline,
begins with the work of A. Erlang, who examined a model of a telephone
station and obtained the famous formula for the distribution of the
number of busy lines which is named after him. Queueing theory has been
applied to the study of numerous models: emergency aid, road traffic,
computer systems, etc. Besides, it has lead to several related
disciplines such as reliability and inventory theories which deal with
similar models. Nevertheless, many parts of the theory of queues were
developed as a "pure science" with no practical applications. The aim of
this book is to give the reader an insight into the mathematical methods
which can be used in queueing theory and to present examples of solving
problems with the help of these methods. Of course, the choice of the
methods is quite subjective. Thus, many prominent results have not even
been mentioned.