Toward the Psychology of Malefaction This is a book about human
wickedness. I would like to identify two obstacles in the path that this
book seeks to traverse. One obstacle is an inappropriate scientism; the
other is an inappropriate moralism. There is a kind of scientism that
prevents us from seeing that human beings are responsible for what
happens on the planet. It is a view that, in the name of science,
downplays the role of human beings as agents in what takes place. This
view is often expressed in a paradigm that regards human conduct as the
"dependent variable," while anything that impinges on the human being is
considered the "independent variable." The paradigm further takes the
relationship between the dependent and independent variable to be the
result of natural law. It charac- teristically ignores the possibility
that individual or collective deci- sion or policy, generated by human
beings and not by natural law, is and can be regulatory of conduct.