An optical network is considered as a communication system that utilizes
light signals in order to transfer information and data between two or
more points. It can cover from smallscale points such as computers in
the offices up to the whole world. The internet-based traffic is
significantly increasing every year and due to its dynamic shape, it
needs a new and flexible type of infrastructure to respond to this
demand. Nowadays, optical science is developed in many aspects such as
transmission techniques by introducing new standards and protocols which
provide data transferring along with the optical networks in an
efficient manner. Some well-known approaches such as WDM and TDM are
multiplexing standards that have the ability to respond to this capacity
increasing demand. with employing SDN facilities enhance the flexibility
in wavelength allocation and increase the backbone bandwidth to satisfy
the quality of the service (QoS) and transmission(QoT) requirement. The
aim of this research is to have an overview of the OSI model from the
network layer towards the optical layer and control layer based on their
applications.