Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Energy Sciences, grade:
80.00, course: LRPM, language: English, abstract: In recent years, the
offshore Shell operations have been faced with considerable challenges
in the North Sea, due to dwindling oil resources. Currently, major oil
operations are targeting marginal fields, explore more challenging ones
and go further into deeper sea oceans. Established fields are
characterized by reducing production rates and increasing unit expenses
of the structures that have been functioning beyond the intended design
lifespan. Besides, oil and gas production process integrates the
functions of numerous pieces of equipment, which are subjected to
rigorous operating environments. Corrosion, wear, erosion and
ageing-related factors weaken the conditions of these facilities. This
necessitates the significance of understanding the ageing and life
extension processes and implement effective intervention measures on
demand without jeopardizing the integrity, health, and safety of the
facilities, the people working on and the natural environment
surrounding them.