Sustainable development and rural policies have pursued strategies where
farming has been often regarded as a factor deteriorating the ecosystem.
But the current economic, social and environmental problems of the Earth
probably call for examples of a positive integration between human
society and nature. This research work presents more than a hundred case
studies where the historical relationships between man and nature have
generated, not deterioration, but cultural, environmental, social and
economic values. The results show that is not only the economic face of
globalization that is negatively affecting the landscape, but also
inappropriate environmental policies. The CBD-UNESCO program on
biocultural diversity, the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage
Systems and several projects of the International Union of Forest
Research Organizations, as well as European rural policies acknowledge
the importance of cultural values associated to landscape. This research
intends to support these efforts.