The present monograph develops a versatile and profound mathematical
perspective of the Wright--Fisher model of population genetics. This
well-known and intensively studied model carries a rich and beautiful
mathematical structure, which is uncovered here in a systematic manner.
In addition to approaches by means of analysis, combinatorics and PDE, a
geometric perspective is brought in through Amari's and Chentsov's
information geometry. This concept allows us to calculate many
quantities of interest systematically; likewise, the employed global
perspective elucidates the stratification of the model in an
unprecedented manner. Furthermore, the links to statistical mechanics
and large deviation theory are explored and developed into powerful
tools. Altogether, the manuscript provides a solid and broad working
basis for graduate students and researchers interested in this field.