Brain diseases can have a large impact on patients and society, and
treatment is often not available. A new approach in which somatic cells
are reprogrammed into induced pluripotent cells (iPS cells) is a
significant breakthrough for regenerative medicine. This promises
patient-specific tissue for replacement therapies, as well as
disease-specific cells for developmental modeling and drug treatment
screening. However, this method faces issues of low reprogramming
efficiency, and poorly defined criteria for determining the conversion
of one cell type to another. Cells contain epigenetic "memories" of what
they were that can affect reprogramming. This book discusses the various
methods to reprogram cells, the control and determination of cell
identity, the epigenetic models that have emerged and the application of
iPS cell therapy for brain diseases, in particular Parkinson's disease
and Vanishing White Matter (VWM).