The AIDS epidemic has popularized immune deficiency and has led to a
rapid increase in the funding for research into the effect of viruses on
immunity. There is now a real possibility of finding out whether some of
the rare, so-called 'primary' immunodeficiency syndromes of children and
adults, first described in the 1950s, may have a viral aetiology. Most
of these syndromes have already been extensively reviewed more than once
over the past 10 years, and their diagnosis and management is now
included in most standard medical textbooks. In this volume, I have
chosen to highlight what I consider to be the potentially exciting
aspects of immunodeficiency in humans, hopefully providing clinicians
and medical academics with some insight into the recent breakthroughs
and disappointments. There are three chapters discussing viral
interactions with the immune system. Although much has been written
about AIDS already, I make no apology for including an extensive review
of both the clinical and laboratory aspects of this disease. AIDS is an
important precedent, and it is likely that other less pathogenic
retroviruses will eventually turn dut to cause some of the rarer
immunodeficiency disorders in children and adults. For instance, it has
long been suspected that viruses may cause some of the non-familial
types of severe combined immunodeficiency in infants; in fact HIV-I
infection now has to be considered in the differential diagnosis.