A history of one of the most influential American companies of the
last century.
For decades, IBM shaped the way the world did business. IBM products
were in every large organization, and IBM corporate culture established
a management style that was imitated by companies around the globe. It
was "Big Blue, " an icon. And yet over the years, IBM has gone through
both failure and success, surviving flatlining revenue and forced
reinvention. The company almost went out of business in the early 1990s,
then came back strong with new business strategies and an emphasis on
artificial intelligence. In this authoritative, monumental history,
James Cortada tells the story of one of the most influential American
companies of the last century.
Cortada, a historian who worked at IBM for many years, describes IBM's
technology breakthroughs, including the development of the punch card
(used for automatic tabulation in the 1890 census), the calculation and
printing of the first Social Security checks in the 1930s, the
introduction of the PC to a mass audience in the 1980s, and the
company's shift in focus from hardware to software. He discusses IBM's
business culture and its orientation toward employees and customers; its
global expansion; regulatory and legal issues, including antitrust
litigation; and the track records of its CEOs. The secret to IBM's
unequalled longevity in the information technology market, Cortada
shows, is its capacity to adapt to changing circumstances and
technologies.
