Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or
produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between
the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural
living world as well as in social institutions. According to the
authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional
design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal
circulation of energy for information.
This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of
hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such
as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on
concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation
that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems.
At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility
and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent
universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and
differences between biological and social organisation and processes.
This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists,
as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.
