The hand commonly is considered to have exerted great influence on the
evolution of typically human characteristics, like upright posture,
stereoscopic vision, «manipulative» handling of parts of the
environment. The German term «Begreifen», which is commonly used for the
understanding of complex relationships in a generalised, abstract sense,
always implies the original meaning of seizing objects with the aid of
the hands. The hands are also of greatest importance for the survival of
the other, non-human primates. Hands are absolutely essential for
locomotion in an arboreal habitat, and the intake of food is dependant
on the use of the hands as well: primates very rarely take in food
directly with their mouths, in the wast majority of cases they seize
food items with their hands. Even drinking is often performed by dipping
the hand into the water and licking the drops from hand and forearm. An
organ of such importance will very probably be «adapted» to its
«function». This statement is made so often, that any further
considerations seem superfluous. Nobody doubts, that the hands of
primates are highly adaptive organs, the general form and internal
structure of which are closely related to the necessities of life.
However, if one tries to go beyond this general statement, he finds
himself confront- ed with several problems: First of all, a point which
W. GUTMANN has emphasized repeatedly: according to the results obtained
by genetics, the first thing to appear is the mutated character.
