This Handbook 0/ Geostationary Orbits is in principle an extension of
the Introduction to Geostationary Orbits that was printed as a special
publica- tion by the European Space Agency (ESA) in 1983. The immediate
purpose was to provide the theoretical background and some practical
advice for the orbit control of geostationary spacecraft by means of the
software package "PEPSOC". PEPSOC, short for "Portable ESOC Package for
Synchronous Orbit Con- trol", was produced by the European Space
Operations Centre (ESOC) to support spacecraft operations in the routine
phase. The resulting publication was a handbook for engineers and
spacecraft operators, rather than a clas- sical textbook in celestial
mechanics. During the past eleven years, the software system PEPSOC has
found a wide application both within and outside the ESA member states.
At the same time, the original Introduction found numerous readers also
outside the group of PEPSOC operators. The continuing development and
the in- creasing use of the geostationary orbit has now created the need
for a new, more detailed publication to include new aspects that have
emerged. The present Handbook contains several additional subjects and
more math- ematics to describe the methods applied in PEPSOC. The
geophysical and astronomical parameters have been updated to reflect the
latest recom- mended values. This results in small deviations of the
numerical data compared to the Introduction.