Biomedical scientists widely acknowledge that individuals' immune
respon- siveness is important in resistance to infections by
microorganisms, including fungi. Because of the devastating acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, caused by the human
immunodeficiency retrovirus, it is now accepted that suppressed immune
responses, especially cellular immu- nity, are important contributors to
increased individual susceptibility to opportunistic
infections-including infections caused by fungi which were at one time
thought to be very lowly or nonpathogenic. Within the last few years,
there has been an almost explosive increase in interest and studies
concerning the nature and mechanisms of the immune response to fungal
infections. Many immunologists who are not well versed in mycology have
begun to study the nature and mechanisms of antifungal immunity using a
wide variety of newer as well as more conventional immunologic
technologies, both in vivo and in vitro. Up to the 1980s, however, there
was little interest among basic immunologists concerning fungal
immunity. This situation has changed dramatically in the past half
decade, mainly because of AIDS.