For centuries, French was the language of international commercial and
diplomatic relations, a near-dominant language in literature and poetry,
and was widely used in teaching. It even became the fashionable language
of choice in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries for upper class
Dutch, Russians, Italians, Egyptians, and others for personal
correspondence, travel journals, and memoirs. This book is the first to
take a close look at how French was used in that latter context: outside
of France, in personal and private life. It gathers contributions from
historians, literary scholars, and linguists and covers a wide range of
geographical areas.