The archaeological site of Tell Nebi Mend, a tell on the Homs plain in
present-day Syria, is universally recognised as the location, first, of
Qadesh (or Kadesh), where, in c. 1286 BC, the armies of Ramesses II of
Egypt and Muwatalli II of Great Hatti fought the most famous battle of
pre-classical antiquity, and, second, of Laodicea ad Libanum, founded
most probably in the 3rd century BC as the capital of a district of the
Seleucid empire.
Collaborative excavations undertaken over 12 seasons aimed to fill a
major gap in archaeological knowledge between the northern and southern
Levant and to develop an understanding of the archaeology and early
history of the Levantine Corridor independent of, and supplementing,
that based on Palestinian and Biblical research. The primary aim was to
obtain as complete a sequence as possible of cultural and environmental
data, sampling all periods of the site's occupation, which included
Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Hellenistic/Roman deposits,
enclosures and defenses spanning the 7th millennium BC to the mid-1st
millennium AD. A definitive classification of all types of Syrian
pottery over two millennia was established, together with a much longer
sequence of pottery, stone, metal and bone implements, terracottas and
other cultural remains, accompanied by a wealth of environmental data
and a series of radiometric dates.
The earliest settlement so far discovered at Tell Nebi Mend dates to the
first half of the 7th millennium BC and is the subject of this volume.
Five phases of occupation were recognized with architectural features
including, at different times, house structures and remains of larger,
probably communal, buildings, along with remains of plaster, floor
surfaces, fire and rubbish pits and burials, followed by large-scale
abandonment. More than 2000 sherds of Neolithic pottery and 1400 flint
and obsidian artifacts were recovered.
