During the last ZO years great progress has been achieved in our
understanding of both earth history and vertebrate evolution. The result
is that climatic/tectonic events in earth history can now be placed in a
more precise and global time frame, that permit their evaluation as
abiotic causal factors which might trigger extinction and dispersal
events in vertebrate history. Great strides have also been made in
genetics and cell biology, providing new insight into phylogenetic
relationships among many vertebrates. These new data, along with data on
chronologie resolution of earth history, provide tests of previous
interpretations regarding ancestral-descendant relationships based
solely on the fossil record. It is fitting and proper that a volume on
European Neogene mammal chronology is produced at this time, to ensure
that new interpretations of vertebrate evolution and chronology are
based on the most accurate and current data. Vertebrate paleon-
tologists believe that the fossil record is the only secure data for
measuring the actual course and tempo of vertebrate evolution. Knowledge
of the fossil record must keep pace with advances in other areas of
science so that inferences on vertebrate evolu- tion are accurate and
meaningful.