Trying to make mathematics understandable to the general public is a
very difficult task. The writer has to take into account that his reader
has very little patience with unfamiliar concepts and intricate logic
and this means that large parts of mathematics are out of bounds. When
planning this book, I set myself an easier goal. I wrote it for those
who already know some mathematics, in particular those who study the
subject the first year after high school. Its purpose is to provide a
historical, scientific, and cultural frame for the parts of mathematics
that meet the beginning student. Nine chapters ranging from number
theory to applications are devoted to this program. Each one starts with
a historical introduction, continues with a tight but complete account
of some basic facts and proceeds to look at the present state of affairs
including, if possible, some recent piece of research. Most of them end
with one or two passages from historical mathematical papers, translated
into English and edited so as to be understandable. Sometimes the reader
is referred back to earlier parts of the text, but the various chapters
are to a large extent independent of each other. A reader who gets stuck
in the middle of a chapter can still read large parts of the others. It
should be said, however, that the book is not meant to be read straight
through.