1. Background This textbook is an introduction to and exploration of a
number of core topics in the ?eld of applied mechanics. Mechanics, in
both its theoretical and applied contexts, is, like all scienti?c
endeavors, a human construct. It re?ects the personalities, thoughts,
errors, and successes of its creators. We therefore provide some
personal information about each of these individuals when their names
arise for the ?rst time in this book. This should enable the reader to
piece together a cultural-historical picture of the ?eld s origins and
development. This does not mean that we are writing history.
Nevertheless, some remarks putting individuals and ideas in context are
necessary in order to make clear what we are speaking about - and what
we are not speaking about. At the end of the 19th century, technical
universities were established eve- where in Europe in an almost euphoric
manner. But the practice of technical mechanics itself, as one of the
basics of technical development, was in a desolate state, due largely to
the refusal of its practitioners to recognize the in?uence of kinetics
on motion. They were correct to the extend that then current mechanical
systems moved with small velocities where kinetics does not play a
signi?cant role. But they had failed to keep up with developments in the
science underlying their craft and were unable to keep pace with the
speeds of such systems as the steam engine.