The research reported in this book began as part of a Ph.D. dissertation
submitted to the University of Pittsburgh in 1976. Revisions were
accomp- lished at Florida International University in Miami. There have
been many people who were instrumental in the formation and completion
of this research. The contributions made by Jack Ochs are far too
numerous to mention. Jack's insights and suggestions will always be
appreciated. I am also grateful to Melvin Greenhut, David Houston,
Tatsuhiko Kawashima, Asatoshi Maeshiro, William Miernyk, Josephine
Olson, Peter Nijkamp and Harry Richardson who read and critically re-
viewed earlier manuscripts. I am doubly indebted to Harry Richardson who
initially suggested this investigation. Special thanks are in order for
Gene Gruver, Peter Montiel, Randy Miller and James Wheller for always
finding the time to hear out many of my arguments. In addition, I
appreci- ate the valuable suggestions they made as well. I am grateful,
moreover, to Janice Carlino who most generously gave of herself to
assist in this in any way she could. Janice not only helped with data
preparation and with typing-entire drafts of earlier manuscripts, but,
more importantly, showed an unusual degree oftolerance toward one for
whom the research effort is not the most tranquil of experiences.