This book explores the extremely modular systems that meet two criteria:
they allow the creation of structurally sound free-form structures, and
they are comprised of as few types of modules as possible. Divided into
two parts, it presents Pipe-Z (PZ) and Truss-Z (TZ) systems. PZ is more
fundamental and forms spatial mathematical knots by assembling one type
of unit (PZM). The shape of PZ is controlled by relative twists of a
sequence of congruent PZMs. TZ is a skeletal system for creating
free-form pedestrian ramps and ramp networks among any number of
terminals in space. TZ structures are composed of four variations of a
single basic unit subjected to affine transformations (mirror
reflection, rotation and combination of both).