The use of ultrasonic imaging techniques for diagnostic purposes in
veteri- nary medicine and animal science has lagged far behind their use
in human medicine. In the area of domestic animal reproduction,
diagnostic ultrasono- graphy has a relatively short history. Reports on
B-mode scanning first appeared as late as 1969, when Stouffer and
co-workers used it for counting foetal numbers in late gestation sheep.
After Lindahl had re-evaluated the potential of two-dimensional
ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep in 1976, results of the
first large scale field-trials by Fowler and Wilkins on predicting
foetal numbers during the first half of gestation in sheep were
published as recently as 1980. In this year also the first paper, by
Palmer and co-workers, on ultrasonic scanning of the uterus and ovaries
in the mare appeared. The improvement of diagnostics which was achieved
by the application of this technique is illustrated by its present
routine use in clinical equine practice and sheep breeding. Besides
offe- ring an accurate early pregnancy diagnosis in species such as the
horse, cow, sheep, goat, pig and dog, ultrasonography enables the
visualization of ovarian and uterine structures for the identification
of both physiological and pathological conditions. In this way it
replaces or supplements the more common diagnostic techniques used by
the general practitioner so far. Ultrasonography has also opened several
new lines of research for clini- cians and research workers.