This book was motivated by the problems being faced with shrinking IC
process feature sizes. It is well known that as process feature sizes
shrink, a host of electrical problems like cross-talk, electromigration,
self-heat, etc. are becoming important. Cross-talk is one of the major
problems since it results in unpredictable design behavior. In
particular, it can result in significant delay variation or signal
integrity problems in a wire, depending on the state of its neighboring
wires. Typical approaches to tackle the cross-talk problem attempt to
fix the problem once it is created. In our approach, we ensure that
cross-talk is eliminated by design. The work described in this book
attempts to take an "outside-the-box" view and propose a radically
different design style. This design style first imposes a fixed layout
pattern (or fabric) on the integrated circuit, and then embeds the
circuit being implemented into this fabric. The fabric is chosen
carefully in order to eliminate the cross-talk problem being faced in
modem IC processes. With our choice of fabric, cross-talk between
adjacent wires on an IC is reduced by between one and two orders of
magnitude. In this way, the fabric concept eliminates cross-talk
up-front, and by design. We propose two separate design flows, each of
which uses the fabric concept to implement logic. The first flow uses
fabric-compliant standard cells as an im- plementation vehicle. We call
these cells fabric cells, and they have the same logic functionality as
existing standard cells with which they are compared.
