Manufacturing contributes to over 60 % of the gross national product of
the highly industrialized nations of Europe. The advances in
mechanization and automation in manufacturing of international
competitors are seriously challenging the market position of the
European countries in different areas. Thus it becomes necessary to
increase significantly the productivity of European industry. This has
prompted many governments to support the development of new automation
resources. Good engineers are also needed to develop the required
automation tools and to apply these to manufacturing. It is the purpose
ofthis book to discuss new research results in manufacturing with
engineers who face the challenge of building tomor- row's factories.
Early automation efforts were centered around mechanical gear-and-cam
technology and hardwired electrical control circuits. Because of the
decreasing life cycle of most new products and the enormous model
diversification, factories cannot be automated efficiently any more by
these conventional technologies. With the digital computer, its fast
calculation speed and large memory capacity, a new tool was created
which can substantially improve the productivity of manufactur- ing
processes. The computer can directly control production and quality
assurance functions and adapt itself quickly to changing customer orders
and new products.