to the American Edition We are pleased that our modest work, published
some time ago in Russian in Moscow* and which attracted the attention
of polymer specialists, t will now be available to the EngJish- speaking
audience of scientists - chemists, physicists, and technologists engaged
in creating new types of polymer materi- als for modern technology and
working on the fundamental prob- lems of the solid-state physics and
structure of polymer- due to the initiative of Plenum Press. In polymer
science, the 1980s were marked by the birth of a new field and a new
scientific trend related to the dis- covery and study of a previously
unknown class of polymers thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers - and
the further development of the fundamental theoretical concepts of the
liquid-crystalline (mesomorphic) state of macromolecular com- pounds.
This state is a phase state in thermodynamic equi- librium characterized
by the anisotropy of the structure and properties as a result of
one-dimensional or two-dimensional ordering. Such systems have an
ordered but simultaneously labile structure which can easily be altered
by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic fields; the polymer system then
acquires unique physical and optical properties. These prop- erties,
which are acquired in the liquid-crvstalline state, are then fixed in
the solid at the operating temperatures. *N. A. Plate and V. P.
Shibaev. Comb-Shaped Polymers and Li- quid Crystals [in RussianJ.
Khimiya, Moscow (1980). tSee the review of this book by H. Mark in J.
Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed., 20, 139 (L982).