The general treatment of problems connected with the causal conditioning
of phenomena has traditionally been the domain of philosophy, but when
one examines the relationships taking place in the various fields, the
study of such conditionings belongs to the empirical sciences. Sociology
is no exception in that respect. In that discipline we note a certain
paradox. Many problems connected with the causal conditioning of
phenomena have been raised in sociology in relatively recent times, and
that process marked its empirical or even so-called empiricist trend.
That trend, labelled positivist, seems in this case to be in
contradiction with a certain type of positivism. Those authors who
describe positivism usually include the Humean tradition in its
genealogy and, remembering Hume's criticism of the concept of cause,
speak about positivism as about a trend which is inclined to treat
lightly the study of causes and confines itself to the statements on
co-occurrence of phenomena.