1. 1. Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 3 1. 1. 1. Emissions and concentrations of greenhouse gases
3 1. 1. 2. Impact of increasing greenhouse gases concentration 4 1. 2.
Options to reduce carbon dioxide emissions 5 1. 2. 1. Carbon dioxide
removal 8 1. 3. Scope of the thesis 10 1. 4. Outline of the thesis. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. 4. 1.
General evaluation method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12 1. 4. 2. Some notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 13 II. Simulation and optimization of carbon dioxide
recovery from the flue gases of a coal-fired power plant using amines 14
Abstract 19 2. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2. 2. The chemical absorption
process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2. 2. 1.
General process description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22 2. 2. 2. Types of absorbent 23 2. 2. 3. Effects of flue gas
contaminants 24 2. 3. Simulation of the scrubber in ASPEN PLUS . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2. 3. 1. ASPEN PLUS for flow sheet simulation
26 2. 3. 2. Simulation of the performance for the base-case design . .
26 the scrubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2. 3. 3.
Optimization of 2. 3. 4. Design and results 32 2. 3. 5. Discussion. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.
4. Integration of the scrubber in the power plant 35 2. 4. 1. Power loss
caused by steam extraction 36 2. 4. 2. Power saved by avoiding
preheating boiler feed water . . . 38 2. 4. 3. Power consumption by the
carbon dioxide scrubber . . . . . 38 2. 4. 4. Power consumption for
carbon dioxide compression . . . . . 38 2. 4. 5. Calculation of plant
efficiency losses " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2. 5.
