In a large and complex system, such as a railway network, it is often
not an option to stop operation at any time. Even if a part of the
system fails, is being repaired or modified, the system has to keep
functioning. This leads to many requirements for on-line expansion,
on-line maintenance, and fault-tolerance. Dynamic changes demand
next-generation control, information and service systems to be based on
adaptive, reliable and reusable technologies and applications. Such
systems are expected to have the characteristics of living systems
composed of largely autonomous and decentralized components. Hence they
are called Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ADS).
This book describes the concept, architecture and technologies of ADS
and their applications in intelligent control, information and service
systems, with a focus on transport. ADS is explained first using the
example of the Japanese railway transport system; applications in other
fields and countries follow. The goal is to describe the ADS concept and
the technologies, applications and businesses on the basis of a
consistent concept for achieving intelligent systems such as for
manufacturing, transportation service, air traffic, robotic and
distributed services.