IUU ? shing, the elements of which are discussed in detail further below
in this Part, hinders the sustainable management of marine ? sheries
world wide. Southern Ocean ? sheries and in particular the Patagonian
Tooth? sh, have been targeted by IUU ? shers. The text examines the
response to the persistent problem of IUU ? shing in 1 the Southern
Ocean, by CCAMLR, as the appropriate RFMO, and Australia, a State with
vested interests in the Southern Ocean by virtue of the Heard and
McDonald Islands' EEZ. This examination represents original work not
only in the context of 2 Southern Ocean ? sheries but in the
consideration of the linkages between regional and national measures to
deter IUU ? shing. Faced with continued ? ag State inaction, both the
CCAMLR Commission and Australia have identi? ed and applied a number of
measures to deter IUU ? shing. These measures are examined in Parts 4
and 5 respectively. Indeed, the lack of ? ag State enforcement and the
development and persistence of IUU ? shing are inextricably linked, a
fact that will be pursued in depth in Part 2 along with the other
factors identi? ed as contributing to the development of IUU ? shing.