This volume brings together information about recent discoveries and
current theories concerning the origin and early evolution of anthropoid
primates- monkeys, apes, and humans. Although Anthropoidea is one of the
most dis- tinctive groups of living primates, and the origin of the
group is a frequent topic of discussion in the anthropological and
paleontological literature, the topic of anthropoid origins has rarely
been the foeus of direct discussion in primate evolution. Rather,
diseussion of anthropoid origins appears as a ma- jor side issue in
volumes dealing with the origin of platyrrhines (Ciochon and Chiarelli,
1980), in discussions about the phylogenetic position of Tarsius, in
descriptions of early anthropoid fossils, and in descriptions and
revisions of various fossil prosimians. As a result, the literature on
anthropoid origins has a long history of argument by advocacy, in which
scholars with different views have expounded individual theories based
on a small bit of evidence at hand, often with little consideration of
alternative views and other types of evidence that have been used in
their support. This type of scholarship struck us as a relatively
unproductive approach to a critical issue in primate evolution.