On the occasion of its twenty-fifth anniversary, in 1985, the
Netherlands Society for Grassland and Fodder Crops (NVWV) agreed to
organize an International Symposium on a topic related to intensive
grass and fodder production systems. The theme selected was "Animal
manure on grassland and fodder crops: Fertilizer or waste?" This
Symposium was organized under the auspices of the European Grassland
Federation and held at the International Agricultural Centre in
Wageningen from 31 August to 3 September 1987. The problems connected
with the disposal of animal waste have received much attention in recent
years, especially in regions with intensive animal of animal manure per
hectare agricul- husbandry. Whereas the production tural land increased
strongly, the need for it decreased because of the introduction of cheap
inorganic fertilizers which are easier to handle and have a more
reliable effect on crop growth. As a consequence, many farmers dispose
of animal manure as cheaply as possible, whilst avoiding damage to
grassland and crops and paying little attention to effective use of the
plants nutrients contained in the manure. Present practices of manure
handling and application often lead to environmental problems. The rise
in awareness of these problems renewed interest in possibilities to
improve the utilization of nutrients from animal manure in crop
production. Research on this topic has been stimulated in many countries
during the last decade and the aim of this Symposium was to review and
assess present-day knowledge.