The VIIIth International Congress of the International Primatological
Society was held from 7 through 12 July 1980 in Florence, Italy, under
the auspices of the host institution, the Istituto di Antropologia of
the University of Florence. More than 300 papers and abstracts were pre-
sented either at the main Congress or in 14 pre-Congress symposia the
week earlier (so scheduled to avoid conflicting with either the main
invited lectures or the contributed paper sessions). The texts of these
main lectures, plus reports from the organizers on results of the
pre-Congress symposia, form this volume. The main lec- turers were
invited to provide comprehensive coverage of the latest devel- opments
in major subfie1ds of Primatology, by the leading researchers in those
areas. In this way it was planned that the Congress would pro- vide
up-to-date reviews of recent progress, and prospects for future
progress, that a biennial International Congress should include as one
of its primary functions. The organizers of individual pre-Congress
symposia interspersed their summaries among the main lectures, providing
the basic details of exist- ing theories, new data, and whatever
consensus could be reached con- cerning their particular topic. In
keeping with what is probably the most urgent theme of these congresses,
we included in this primary volume some extra material in the area-of
primate conservation to augment the main lecturer's treatment. We
acknowledge all the personnel of the Institute of Anthropology,
Florence, and all other volunteers for their assistance.