A key moment in the American Revolution comes to life
Most histories of the American War of Independence discuss what are
usually regarded as the two major campaigns in 1777. Either they
describe the invasion from Canada led by General John Burgoyne which
resulted in his subsequent defeat and the surrender of his force at
Saratoga, New York, or they focus on William Howe's Philadelphia
Campaign. Often left out of these discussions, or treated only in
passing, is the reduction of the Delaware River defenses that engaged
the bulk of the resources and attention of both George Washington and
William Howe through October and November of 1777.
On the American side, maintaining the integrity of the river defenses
involved an attritional campaign waged by an intrepid group of defenders
which brought together the efforts of the Continental Army, as garrisons
of the various forts, the Continental Navy and the Pennsylvania State
Navy. If the Americans could hold their positions until winter set in,
they would prevent William Howe from capitalizing his capture of
Philadelphia, and possibly force him to abandon the city for want of
supplies.